git reset. again

This is shamelessly copied from the web archive.

Assume you start from a "everything is committed and golden" state. Let's pretend you came to this starting point via a git checkout: and then you edit a bunch of stuff, compile/test, and then git add and git commit:

$ git checkout mywork
...edit edit edit...
$ git add ...
$ git commit

If at this point you do a git reset, here's how the type of reset ("soft", "hard", or the default, which is "mixed") affects things:

$ git checkout mywork
            # --hard resets to this point
...edit edit edit...
            # --mixed (default) resets to this point
$ git add ...
            # --soft resets to this point
$ git commit

Also note, as gitster says, that git commit --amend makes the git reset --soft mostly redundant.

sed vs unix

 UNIX         |  SED
 -------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
 cat          |  sed ':'
 cat -s       |  sed '1s/^$//p;/./,/^$/!d'
 tac          |  sed '1!G;h;$!d'
 grep         |  sed '/patt/!d'
 grep -v      |  sed '/patt/d'
 head         |  sed '10q'
 head -1      |  sed 'q'
 tail         |  sed -e ':a' -e '$q;N;11,$D;ba'
 tail -1      |  sed '$!d'
 tail -f      |  sed -u '/./!d'
 cut -c 10    |  sed 's/\(.\)\{10\}.*/\1/'
 cut -d: -f4  |  sed 's/\(\([^:]*\):\)\{4\}.*/\2/'
 tr A-Z a-z   |  sed 'y/ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ/abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz/'
 tr a-z A-Z   |  sed 'y/abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz/ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ/'
 tr -s ' '    |  sed 's/ \+/ /g'
 tr -d '\012' |  sed 'H;$!d;g;s/\n//g'
 wc -l        |  sed -n '$='
 uniq         |  sed 'N;/^\(.*\)\n\1$/!P;D'
 rev          |  sed '/\n/!G;s/\(.\)\(.*\n\)/&\2\1/;//D;s/.//'
 basename     |  sed 's,.*/,,'
 dirname      |  sed 's,[^/]*$,,'
 xargs        |  sed -e ':a' -e '$!N;s/\n/ /;ta'
 paste -sd:   |  sed -e ':a' -e '$!N;s/\n/:/;ta'
 cat -n       |  sed '=' | sed '$!N;s/\n/ /'
 grep -n      |  sed -n '/patt/{=;p;}' | sed '$!N;s/\n/:/'
 cp orig new  |  sed 'w new' orig
 hostname -s  |  hostname | sed 's/\..*//'

shamelessly copypasted from here

More Lua iterators

After the permutations post, I thought that we needed something like a 'take' function, that would allow us to use infinite streams safely.

local function take(n, it , param, state)
  local count = 0
  return function()
    count = count+1
    if count <= n then
      return it()
    end
    return nil
  end
end


local function take_while(fun, it , param, state)
  return function()
    if fun() then
      return it()
    end
    return nil
  end
end

Simple but nice.

Permutations in Lua. An iterator example

Here's some code I just wrote when messing with an algorithm to generate permutations. The code is just perfect to be used in the form of an iterator, and although I was reading the example in Perl (I read it in Higher Order Perl, an amazing book no matter what's your programming language of choice), I thought Lua would be a good candidate for that.

Along the way, I wrote a few utility functions you can see in there. Mostly tests on function composition and mapping over iterators.

Here's the code. If you need to generate permutations, I found this algorithm (which I don't know the name, but let's call it 'odometer counting') very easy to implement and understand. At least easier than Randal's way of doing it.

local inspect = require'inspect'

function map(f, t)
  local r = {}
  if type(t) == 'table' then
    for _, x in ipairs(t) do
      r[#r+1] = f(x)
    end
  else
    for x in t do
      r[#r+1] = f(x)
    end
  end
  return r
end

function count()
  local c = 0
  return function()
    c = c + 1
    return c
  end
end

-- for x in count() do
--   print(x)
--   if x > 10 then break end
-- end

function permutations(...)
  local function inc(t, pos)
    if t[pos][3] == t[pos][2] then
      if pos == 1 then return nil end
      t[pos][3] = 1
      return inc(t, pos-1)
    else
      t[pos][3] = t[pos][3] + 1
      return true
    end

  end

  local sets = {...}
  local state = map(function(x)
                      return {x, #x , 1}
                    end , sets)
  state[#state][3] = 0

  local curr = #state

  return function()
    while true do
      if inc(state, curr) then
        return map(function(s)
                     return s[1][s[3]] end,
                   state)
      else
        return nil
      end
    end
  end
end

function compose(f,g)
  return function (...)
    return f(g(unpack(arg)))
  end
end

pinspect = compose(print, inspect)

map(pinspect, permutations({1,2,3}, {5,6,7}))

local c = 0
for i in permutations({1,2,3,5,6} , {3,4,5,6,7,6}) do
  c = c+1
  if c == 10 then break end
  pinspect(i)
end

smart-browser

Since I discovered conkeror, I'm not using w3m that much, because conkeror works great :)

The issue is that doing any kind of web dev in conkeror is suboptimal. Its support for firebug is quite basic. One option is opening different browsers depending on the url. That makes sense, and I used this technique when I was using w3m.

But I wanted to explore a different approach. My problem is the following. Usually I want to open a url in conkeror, but if chromium is already opened, it's probably that I'm using some of the devtools, and I want to keep using it during this 'session'.

What I don't want is to have 2 browsers opened.Unless I open them manually, then, follow the preferences. Although being complex to explain, it just feels right when I use it.

So I hacked some elisp to give priorities to browsers, and use a default one when there's nothing opened.

The idea is quite simple: Just look for the browsers in order of preferences, and open the first one that is already opened. The last one is a hack, to open conkeror by default.

It's an ugly hack, but hopefully you'll learn some elisp API you didn't know :)

Sounds for programmers

Between usual music and abstract music (which I can't get to listen for any long time), I lately discovered some webs that provide generated sounds for as long as you want. Just the fact that they don't have ads is already a big +1 ;)

• Coffitivity
• white noise
• water sound

Pick your favourite :)